Early Modern Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Early Modern Philosophy - Essay Example Ultimately, he concludes that even with these occurrences, he can be certain he exists, because in the process of doubting his existence he is thinking and thinking necessitates existence – I think, therefore I am. It’s necessary that Descartes’ ‘Cogito Ergo Sum’ argument be understood from the first person perspective because the argument throughout Descartes’ philosophy is precisely that senses cannot determine the validity of existence (Frost 1962). Descartes’ Cogito Ergo Sum, therefore, only proves that the individual who is thinking exists. As discussed, the essence of the argument is that one’s thoughts directly determine the validity of one’s existence, so that an outside individual cannot determine another exists simply by listening to another. It is entirely from the first person perspective that the cogito is founded. Descartes differed from earlier philosophers on a number of levels. During the Middle Ages philosophy became highly related to theology and god and the supernatural were the predominant concerns of thinkers. In this regard, Descartes’ introduced a higher awareness of skepticism, although he offered viable and logically derived solutions for these questions. Considering Descartes’ difference from the pre-Socratic philosophers, one is drawn to the nature by which knowledge is believed to be founded and attained. The pre-Socratic philosophers, while promoting the natural sciences and other such intellectually rigorous propositions, founded their philosophic and scientific assumptions on the primacy of the senses. Descartes’ was skeptical of the senses and sought a more rigorous understanding of knowledge through his rationalist philosophy (Waterfield 2009). Descartes if known as the father of modern philosophy as his main philosophical ideas, most notably the cogito ergo sum, were foundational elements in the development of modern philosophical thought and

Ticketing offices in airline company on the influx of tourist in Davao City Essay Example for Free

Ticketing offices in airline company on the influx of tourist in Davao City Essay Ticketing Offices is an office of Transportation Company, theatrical or entertainment enterprise or ticket agency where tickets are sold and reservation made. A Computer Reservations System or central reservation system (CRS) is a computerized system used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions related to air travel. Originally designed and operated by airlines, CRSes were later extended for the use of travel agencies. Major CRS operations that book and sell tickets for multiple airlines are known as Global Distribution Systems (GDS). Airlines have divested most of their direct holdings to dedicated GDS companies, who make their systems accessible to consumers through Internet gateways. Modern GDSes typically allow users to book airline tickets as well as activities and tours. Electronic Ticketing in the airline industry was devised in about 1994. E-ticketing has largely replaced the older multi-layered paper ticketing systems, and since 1 June 2008, it has been mandatory for IATA members. Where paper tickets are still available, some airlines charge a fee for issuing paper tickets. When a reservation is confirmed, the airline keeps a record of the booking in its computer reservations system. Customers can print out or are provided with a copy of their e-ticket itinerary receipt which contains the record locator or reservation number and the e-ticket number. It is possible to print multiple copies of an e-ticket itinerary receipt. An airfare is the price a passenger pays in order to travel by air. The types of fares, rules and restrictions, taxes, etc., are all components that complicate the price involved for a passenger to fly from one place to another. Fares are most often based on one-way or round-trip travel. Fares may be published, unpublished and/or negotiated fares (corporations, or government agencies/organizations may have fares negotiated with an airline at a lower rate). Unpublished fares are also known as consolidated fares and are offered by consolidators and bucket shops. Objectives of the Study The general objective of the study is to determine the contribution of ticketing offices on the influx of tourist in Davao City. Specifically the study aims to: 1. Different ticketing offices in Davao City and the services offered 2. Find out the tourist arrival (2012-2013) in Davao City 3. Determine the advantages of ticketing offices in Davao City. 4. Find out the elicit suggestions of respondents Expected Output 1. Different ticketing offices in Davao City and the services offered. 2. Found out the tourist arrival (2012-2013) in Davao City 3. Determined the advantages of ticketing offices in Davao City. 4. Found out the elicit suggestions of respondents. Scope Limitation of the Study This study limited only the contribution of ticketing offices in airline company on the influx of tourist in Davao City, their tourist arrival 2012-2013, the advantages of the ticketing offices and find out the elicit suggestions of travelers as respondents. Time Place of the Study This study entitled â€Å"Ticketing Offices: Its Contribution to the Influx of Tourist in Davao City† will be conducted in the City, Southern Mindanao, Philippines. From September to October 2013. Definition of Terms Airline ticket is a document, issued by an airline or a travel agency, to confirm that an individual has purchased a seat on a flight on an aircraft. This document is then used to obtain a boarding pass, at the airport. Then with the boarding pass and the attached ticket, the passenger is allowed to board the aircraft. There are two sorts of airline tickets the older style with coupons now referred to as a paper ticket, and the now more  common electronic ticket usually referred to as an e-ticket. Electronic ticket an electronic form of an airline ticket Influx – an arrival or entry of large numbers of people or things Tourist a person who is traveling, especially for pleasure. TICKETING OFFICES: IT’S CONTRIBUTION OF THE INFUX OF TOURIST IN DAVAO CITY SHAHONEY D. DIWAN A Thesis Outline Submitted to the Department of International Hospitality, Travel and Tourism Management, College of Human Ecology and Food Sciences, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato, in Partial, Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN TRAVEL MANAGEMENT OCTOBER 2013 Republic of the Philippines UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO Kabacan, Cotabato COLLEGE OF HUMAN ECOLOGY AND FOOD SCIENCES APPROVAL OF THESIS OUTLINE Name: SHAHONEY D. DIWAN Degree Sought: BS IN TRAVEL MANAGEMENT Thesis Title: TICKETING OFFICES: IT’S CONTRIBUTION OF THE INFLUX OF TOURIST IN DAVAO CITY. APPROVED BY THE GUIDANCE COMMITTEE Adviser Department Statistician Date Date Department Chairperson Dept. Research Coordinator Date Date College Research Coordinator Dean Date Date Study No.: ________ Recorded by: ________ RECEIVED: Director for Research Development Date Index No.: _______ Recorded by: _______ ACCEPTANCE The thesis outline attached here to entitled â€Å"TICKETING OFFICES: ITS CONTRIBUTION OF THE INFLUX OF TOURIST IN DAVAO CITY†, prepared and submitted by SHAHONEY D. DIWAN, in partial fulfilled of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Travel Management, is here by accepted. Adviser Date Accepted as a partial fulfilled of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Travel Management. Research Coordinator, CHEFS Date TABLE OF CONTENTS PRELIMINARIES Title Page Approval of Thesis Outline Acceptance Sheet Table of Contents List of Dummy Tables List of Appendices INTRODUCTION Significance of the Study Objectives of the Study Expected Output Scope and Limitation of the Study Time and Place of the Study Definition of Terms REVIEW LITERATURE Ticketing Offices MATERIALS AND METHODS Research Design Location of the Study Respondents of the Study Sampling Procedures Research Instrument Data Gathering Procedure Statistical Analysis LITERATURE CITED APPENDICES LIST OF TABLES Number Title Page 1 Ticketing Offices in Davao City and the services offered 2 Tourist Arrival (2012-2013) 3 Advantages of Ticketing Offices 4 Elicit suggestions of respondents LIST OF FIGURES Number 1 Title The Location of Davao City Page LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix Letter Title Page A Letter of Application for Thesis Adviser B Letter of Application for Thesis Title C Letter of Permission to the Manager/owner D Cover Letter E Sample Questionnaire F Schedule of Research Activities G Gantt Chart H Budgetary Requirements I Dummy Tables J Processing Form TICKETING Improve productivity with transparent, traceable and flexible ticketing Airlines are well aware of the need to evolve sales activities and harness the advantage of paperless, electronic ticketing. SITA’s Ticketing improves your airline’s productivity by reducing document issue times by automatically generating travel documents in multiple formats with minimal errors. Ticketing also gives you full control over your electronic miscellaneous document (EMD) products. SITA’s Ticketing enables to you use EMDs to generate substantially higher revenues by selling ancillary service products. OVERVIEW Positive feedback SITA’s Ticketing lets you save costs and boost revenue with real-time sales reporting technology that displays detailed revenue generation indexes. Ticketing collates up-to-date, accurate and detailed sales activity and financial reports from your entire airline, all ticket agents and independent sales offices. e-Ticket innovation The e-ticket database is separate from the airline’s reservation database. With SITA’s Ticketing,e-tickets can be sold by the airline, a global distribution system or an interline partner. SITA’s Ticketing makes e-tickets independently accessible and unlike paper documents, it tracks the use of the ticket. Fully compatible Ticketing is a part of SITA’s Horizon portfolio and is an industry compliant platform designed for airlines using SITA Reservations. SITA Ticketing is also designed to meet IATA’s standard traffic documents (STD) format. BENEFITS SITAs Ticketing provides the following benefits. Expedited and less expensive passenger transactions Improved accuracy and legibility Increased security Increased customer retention Ability to meet changing demands of your business environment Ensured compliance with International Air Transport Association (IATA) and Air Transport Association (ATA) standards E-ticketing provides the following benefits. Reduced costs Saves money by eliminating paper and postage-related costs Promotes low cost distribution channels, such as airline Web sites Enhances passenger handling with automation for example, using kiosks, the Internet and mobile phones Increased productivity and control Maximizes agent productivity by turning call centres into revenue centres Eliminates lost and stolen tickets Reduces the opportunities for fraud Improved service delivery Supports alliance and partner airline interline e-ticketing requirements Ticket changes and/or refund requests are processed more easily Supports ground handling options (i.e., where your airline is ground handled) FEATURES Ticketing offers a wide range of features to improve the productivity of both ticketing and financial management. Multiple ticket formats can be generated automatically (e.g., TAT, OPTAT, ATB2, OPTATB and electronic tickets) Automated Ticket and Boarding pass 2 (ATB2) functionality includes credit  card charge forms, itinerary and address cards ATB2 coupons, with encoded magnetic strips, may be read at check-in and/or used to read ticket data at revenue accounting Electronic tickets may be sold by partner airlines and global distribution systems for both online and interline itineraries Conjunction tickets are issued automatically and an itinerary of up to 20 segments may be issued Easy-to-use document issuance screens are provided for user guidance Multiple printer types are supported allowing you to use your own choice of equipment and vendor The system also has state-of-the-art interfaces to Reservations and Airfare Financial intelligence Ticketing also offers on-demand and automated printing of management reports. These include: Sales summaries of agent and office productivity  Sales reports including refund and exchange information  Real-time financial data can be electronically distributed as required, based on specified financial periods. Financial data can also be reported to the bank settlement plan (BSP) or in-house system based on specified or user-defined financial periods. SITA Global Services (SGS) Ticketing is supported by SITA Global Services (SGS) which provides you with global business continuity through a flexible service model. Our monitoring service ensures your IT systems are reliable and available, around the clock, around the world. Our experts proactively monitor your infrastructure, identifying and resolving problems often before they impact your services. SITA HISTORY SITA was a pioneer in international telecommunications for the air transport industry and has continued to operate at the forefront of technology. From its foundation as Socià ©tà © Internationale de Tà ©là ©communications Aà ©ronautiques, SITA has aimed to bring airlines existing air transport communications facilities together. This allows organizations and the wider industry to take advantage of shared infrastructure cost efficiencies. SITA now serves around 450 members worldwide. These members include airlines, airports, aerospace companies, GDSs, air traffic management organizations, air freight businesses, governments and international organizations. Ticket beefits Biggest Savings: You are guaranteed the best price on your seats. Best Seat Location: We reserve the best available seat locations for you, our Season Ticket Holder. Exclusive Access: Receive behind-the-scenes tours and access to front office and team personnel through exclusive Season Ticket Holder Events. Ticket Usage Flexibility: With our flexible ticket policies, you are able to exchange, re-sell, or donate any unused ticket. First Class Customer Service: Your dedicated Season Ticket Service Account Manager provides you a single point of contact to assist you with your account.

The Views of Native Americans and Europeans Essay -- Compare Contrast

The Views of Native Americans and Europeans During the 16th and 17th centuries, when the Europeans started to come over to the new world, they discovered a society of Indians that was strikingly different to their own. To understand how different, one must first compare and contrast some of the very important differences between them, such as how the Europeans considered the Indians to be extremely primitive and basic, while, considering themselves civilized. The Europeans considered that they were model societies, and they thought that the Indians society and culture should be changed to be very similar to their own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Europeans and the Indians had very contrasting ideas of personal wealth and ownership. The Europeans believed that only the rich should own land, and strongly followed the practice that when you passed away, the land stays in the family to keep the family honor and pride alive. In European society, what one owned decided one's identity, political standpoint, wealth, and even independence. The Indians believed that property was part of a tribe, not a personal possession to own. One of their beliefs was that the land was sacred, and each family should have a piece of the whole. As a general rule, the Indians followed their belief that states that everything on the earth is given to all, and each person deserves their own share. In 1657, a French Jesuit said that, "Their kindness, humanity and courtesy not only makes them liberal with what they ha...

History Vietnam Controlled Assessment Essay

P1 Para-starter: Use of Defoliation to win hearts and minds. Point 1: Causes birth defects  Evidence: â€Å"Agent Orange is fifty times more concentrated than normal agricultural herbicides; this extreme intensity completely destroyed all plants in the area. Agent Orange not only had devastating effects on agriculture but also on people and animals. The Vietnam Red Cross recorded over 4.8 million deaths and 400,000 children born with birth defects due to exposure to Agent Orange. (http://vietnamawbb.weebly.com/napalm-agent-orange.html) Explanation: So it affected South Vietnam negatively, caused them to hate US and feel sympathy for VC. Evidence 2: Point 2: Use of napalm strikes Evidence: â€Å"Fail grey smoke where they’d burnt off the rice fields, brilliant white smoke from phosphorus, and deep black smoke from napalm. They said that if you stood at the base of the column it would suck the air right out of your lungs.† (Sauvain, Philip: Vietnam) Explanation: Consequently shows how bad it is from American POV so would be worse for random civilian. Evidence 2: Para-ender: Overall, defoliation is bad because it makes civilians hate US. P2 Para-starter: Use of Search and Destroy to win hearts and minds Point 1: Ruthless aggression of Americans Evidence: â€Å"Frustrated and frightened American troops settled on searching villages and destroying those instead. In most cases these villages played no role in supporting the VC.†(Demarco, Neil: Vietnam) Explanation: Because of this Americans would kill innocents (Refer to My Lai Massacre and Zippo lighters) Evidence 2: Para-ender: As a result, brutality of US caused the civilains to hate the US P3 Para-Starter: In addition, use of Search and Destroy to counter VC Point 1: VC were well prepared Evidence: â€Å"Such missions were ineffective because at the slightest hint of american activity the communist forces would slip away into the jungle.†(Bircher, Rob and May-History controlled assessment) Explanation: Shows how well prepared VC were compared to americans Evidence 2: â€Å"60%of US casualties from the war came from traps and mines† Explanation: Shows how vulnerable Americans were, demoralized American troops and failed to counter VC P4 Para-starter: Finally, Defoliation counters VC Point 1: Successful to an extent Evidence: â€Å"It is estimated that approximately 77 million litres of this acid was sprayed over Vietnam† (Rob Bircher and Steve May – History Controlled Assessment) Evidence 2:†Nearly 5.5 million acres of South Vietnamese forest and cropland†(Gibson, Michael – The war in Vietnam) Explanation: initial plan to uncover Ho Chi Minh trail, but not fully achieved. Para-ender: In Addition, they couldn’t do more damage cause communists are supported by USSR and China.

East of Eden: An Interpretation Essay

I. Cathy Ames – Cathy’s main motivation was her desperate and incessant need for money. This held true throughout most of the book; it was only at the very end of her life that she realized that she had been missing something her entire life. This is the reason she left everything that she had amassed to her youngest son, Aron. This act may have been a desperate attempt at making up for the love she was never privileged enough to have. Cathy viewed herself as someone who could outwit most anyone she met — especially men. There were a few of those who she feared because she felt like their eyes could see into every one of her thoughts and emotions. Samuel Hamilton was one of these people, and so she despised him. Whatever happened in Cathy at the end was responsible for her change in disposition. Her sudden â€Å"goodness† (if it can be called that) impelled her to leave everything she owned to Aron, her â€Å"good† son, and nothing to Cal, whom she felt was most like her in his devious personality and sinful motivation (from what she gathered of the few times they met). Cathy saw nothing good or honest in any part of humanity. Even the men who she served disgusted her. She surrounded herself with the slime of civilization, and was blinded to everyone and everything else. I don’t know that Cathy ever truly liked anybody but herself, and in the end the fact that she didn’t even like herself frankly scared her. All of her past misdeeds finally came back to haunt her. After swallowing her â€Å"Drink Me,† she finally ceased to be, and in her mind, never was; and that was the way she wanted it. Samuel Hamilton – Samuel Hamilton was a family man. He valued spending time with his family and found that even more important than making money. Even though he always complained about his extremely unprofitable and barren ranch, he made a lifetime of happy memories there and found it very hard to leave when he and Lisa moved to Salinas. Samuel had a persistency about him. Nothing could ever wear him down, except of course, old age in the end. But no matter the number of failed inventions or patents that didn’t work out, he was always working on another one of his ideas. Samuel was loved throughout the entire county; everybody was his friend. He had one of those insightful and humorous personalities that everybody liked. Samuel loved life and ached for what each new day would bring. Although not as devout as Lisa in her views about religion and what is sinful, Samuel was a good, moral person who enjoyed life very much. Samuel saw himself as nothing more than any other man he had ever met. He was constantly giving and doing his part to improve society as a whole. He cared for nearly everyone and everything. For his children, Samuel wanted nothing but success and greatness, but at the same time he wondered if it were a selfish and sinful thing to want greatness for his children, knowing that it would be a hard and lonely path. Perhaps this is the reason Samuel himself was so content with his own financial status. He was never alone, and always had the pleasure of family near. Samuel Hamilton died a rich man – surrounded by friends and family. Caleb Trask – Cal wanted desperately to be liked and loved the way Aron was. He loved his brother, but at the same time envied him to no end. It was his jealousy that drove Cal to do the mean things he did to his brother, but these cruel tactics were no relief from his inner strife. Afterward, Cal always beat himself up emotionally for wanting to hurt his brother. Cal was very smart and clever (like his mother I suppose) and emotionally strong, but he longed to be loved, especially by his father, Adam. Cal was once desperate enough to try to â€Å"buy† his fathers love (as Will Hamilton had asked quite frankly) with $15,000. After Cal found out the truth about Cathy, what she had done to his father, and that she made a living as a whore, he felt like it was his responsibility to help protect Adam. His whole life, Cal never felt that Adam liked him very much, the way he loved Aron. It was when Cal saw his mother up close that he realized why his father loved Aron so much more than him; Aron looked like Cathy, whom Cal knew Adam still hopelessly loved. Cal always referred to himself as being â€Å"bad,† by thinking bad thoughts and doing bad things. He also always confided in Lee that he longed to be good, like Aron. That’s all he wanted. But, unfortunately, he despised himself. He hated himself so much that Lee suspected he enjoyed wallowing in his self-pity. It was his only protection from the outside world; a world that Cal was sure would reject him for his brother, Aron. Aron Trask – Aron was steadfast in his morality and was disgusted by the filth of society, very much like his mother. But unlike Cathy, Aron would not have surrounded himself with anyone or anything against his beliefs. Aron’s brother, Cal could be described as Aron’s opposite. He was so much stronger than Aron in every way except maybe physically. Cal accepted things as they were, and suffered through them, as awful as the circumstances may have been. On the other hand, Aron, as Abra suggested, tore up reality for his own picture of how the world should be, and if that picture should become impure, his whole world would come crashing down around him. In the beginning, Aron lived for the goodness in life, and so, naturally, he built his mother (whom he had never known) to be the most beautiful, kind, pure woman in the world. I don’t think his vision ever left him given his reaction when he discovered the truth. In the second half of his life, Aron was driven by his love for Abra. But it wasn’t really Abra that he loved. It was a completely pure and moral being wearing Abra’s skin and beauty. Nevertheless, it was this vision of Abra that got him through all of his hard times at school, and what he lived for at home. After Adam rejected Cal at Thanksgiving, Cal took his anger and frustration out on his brother in the cruelest way he could imagine. Cal showed Cathy to Aron and he learned the truth; his mother was a whore, the most undignified thing a woman was capable of being. Aron’s picture of life was altered dramatically, and he couldn’t handle it. He had viewed himself as good and clean and moral. His life was destroyed in his mind and he would always feel impure and dirty. Aron enlisted in the Army and ultimately got himself killed. Lee – Lee was a very wise intellectual. What motivated Lee through life was unclear. It had to have been his dreams that he often talked about and longed to accomplish. But what about after he had no dreams left? He had even said that after trying out life in his San Francisco bookstore that he had no more dreams left. From then on, Lee’s main motivation must have been his love for the Trask family. It’s obvious that he loved the boys very much and felt as though the Trasks were part of his own family. Lee was very smart and clever. He valued the goodness in man, and found ignorance annoying, but very plentiful in society. He always craved a good debate or intelligent conversation. He always liked talking with Samuel Hamilton because he could provide this. Their long talks about the story of Cain and Abel excited Lee, because they always left him pondering, and wanting more. It was obvious that Lee enjoyed learning, and examining complex situations very much. Throughout all of East of Eden, it was Lee that offered the best advice; perhaps because he dissected each situation thoroughly enough to see what needed to be done. Lee also accepted whatever life threw his way, but dealt with it intelligently and the best way he knew how. Lee was well liked, for a â€Å"chink.† He respected those that gave him respect. By the end of the book, he had grown very attached to Abra, who spent a lot of her time at the Trask place talking to Lee. In the very end, I think it was his need to see Cal and Aron (who eventually died) succeed in their own ways. This is why he stuck up for Cal to Adam on his deathbed; and, of course, Adam’s answer, â€Å"Timshel,† was the finest answer he could have given. Charles Trask – Charles felt as though he was second best to his brother, Adam his entire life. He always felt that it was Adam who Cyrus, their father, loved more. I suppose Charles is a lot like Caleb Trask in that way. Charles had an abusive and violent temper when he was a teen, and at one time even tried to kill Adam. Charles loved his father, and just wanted his respect, but Cyrus moved away after sending Adam into the Army. And so, Charles was left alone on his farm to make his own living. I don’t think Charles was ever happy with his life. He was always depressed because of his loneliness whenever Adam was away, and they didn’t get along for any length of time when they were together. He refused to sell the ranch whenever Adam suggested it, because it would be a waste in his mind. Charles was stubborn and insisted on spending no money on himself and was determined to stay where he was. Charles probably felt inferior to his brother, because of their father’s favoritism toward Adam, but Charles always knew he could win in a fistfight. Charles intimidated most of the people in town because of his size and strength. In that way, I suppose, he probably felt superior to everyone else, especially after Cyrus, his father died and left him and Adam a sum of more than $93,000 to split. After Adam left with his share, Charles was the wealthiest farmer in the area and the most respected. Charles knew how to do one thing well: farm. He lived for farming, and he did it until the day he died. He made a considerable amount of money in his lifetime too, but never got around to enjoying it. Charles was a loner. He didn’t have any close friends, and as far as we know was only married for a short time while Adam was in the Army. Other than that he was a homebody, and didn’t socialize much (except for his late night excursions to the local inn). He died never seeing any other part of the country, never living in any other house, never doing anything other than that which he had been doing his entire life. And while it never made him happy, it seemed to be enough for him. Adam Trask – Adam was mistreated throughout most of his childhood by his father and brother. All Adam wanted was to be happy, in his own way. He didn’t want to live under the pressure of his father, always competing with his brother. He didn’t want to go into the Army, and he didn’t want to go back to the farm in Connecticut. I think Adam lived for the happiness that the next day would bring, not knowing what it would be, or from where it would come. That’s how he got through the first half of his life, and that’s how he came upon Cathy and how the second half began. Adam lived for Cathy Ames and would have done anything for her. Like Steinbeck described, his first year with Cathy was the first time Adam really felt alive. She was his world. When she left, not even the twin boys she left behind were enough to keep Adam going. And so, he fell into a deep depression, melancholy for nearly eleven years. Secretly, during that time, I think he believed that Cathy would see the error of her ways and come back to him. I don’t think he ever really accepted her leaving him. Nevertheless, he was the father of two boys, and eventually came around to caring for their best interests. He moved them to Salinas and enrolled them in school. He was open to the idea of Aron even going to college, which he finally did. Adam always seemed a little scatterbrained; he was always prone to getting into situations a little over his head. He wasn’t very sensible in some of his endeavors (the nice farm he bought, but never capitalized on, the marriage that was doomed to begin with, the lettuce that never made it across the country), but he was as honest as a man could be. He was very friendly and was open to anyone and everyone being his friend if they so wished. He became popular in Salinas (except for the incident with the lettuce) very quickly. Adam didn’t read people very well though. He understood his own emotions, but when it came time to be responsible for his sons, he had a hard time; it was Lee that actually raised Cal and Aron for the first decade of their lives. Adam never pitied himself; he simply resigned himself to the fact that he was raised by a father he didn’t love, a woman he didn’t know, and a violent brother whom he feared. But Adam grew to be a fine man, and at the end, a good father; one his children could respect. Abra – Abra was an average teen girl who viewed life, in the beginning when we were first introduced to her, as a game. She wanted so much to be an adult, and to raise a family. She pretended to be Aron’s mother to him more than once in the story, as an example of her longing to raise a child. Abra fell in love with Aron at a very young age and stuck to her first love for most of her teen years. She wanted nothing but to raise a small family with the man with whom she was in love. But as the situation became more complicated between her and Aron, their relationship suffered, possibly without his complete understanding. When Aron finally left for Stanford, after deciding to become a priest, Abra ended up spending a lot of time at the Trask house, and finding herself getting very close to Lee and Adam, more so than her own parents. It was during this time, with Aron gone, that she discovered that she really didn’t love Aron any more. Aron had transformed her (or wanted to anyway) into something she wasn’t and never could be. While she realized this, her confusion about her conflicting feelings (for she still liked Aron, and wasn’t 100% certain what she wanted) wouldn’t allow her to break up with him. It wasn’t until after Aron enlisted in the Army that she was sure she didn’t want to be with him. Abra was a smart girl, who enjoyed many talks with her new friend Lee. She didn’t feel that she was somehow better than anyone, but at the same time, she didn’t feel any lower than anyone either. She fit in nicely with society, but was much brighter and wiser than most. Eventually she got together with Caleb, and I believe that those two together would have ended up very happy. Cal wouldn’t have expected Abra to be anything more than what she was, and could be happy with that. Abra saw Cal as a flawed individual, and found him to be very much like herself (she even compared their parents faults), especially after the close scrutiny she was under whenever Aron was around. II. Steinbeck’s central message in the book is the seemingly endless struggle between good and evil in all of us, and the fated consequences of the choices we make. Those who felt the evil inside themselves felt that their fates were predestined and unavoidable (especially Cal who knew of his mother and could feel her blood flowing through his veins). This reveals the importance of â€Å"Timshel† in the end of the book to Caleb as he gets a chance at redemption by being able to choose his own fate. Caleb had the gift (or enlightenment) of â€Å"Timshel† bestowed upon him by his father. â€Å"Timshel† or â€Å"thou mayest† was the key to freeing Caleb from his self-torture and releasing him from what he felt was a fated path to hell. Because of â€Å"Timshel,† Cal had a chance to make up for what he had done wrong because he knew that he wasn’t evil, and he knew he didn’t want to be evil, and with this inspiration he wouldn’t be evil. III. As a theme I see the basic story of Cain and Abel reinvent itself within the Trask family generation after generation. It was interesting because all the characters whose name began with the letter â€Å"A† represented the good and benevolent son to Adam and Eve that is Abel. Examples of these are Adam, Aron, and Abra. And likewise, the characters whose name began with the letter â€Å"C† represented Abel’s jealous and flawed brother, Cain. These examples include Charles, Cathy, and Caleb. Charles had become jealous at the fact that his father got more pleasure out of Adam’s gift than out of his own, and in a rage, tried to kill his brother. This was the first story line that followed that of Cain and Abel. The second would come later when Cal was rejected by Adam on thanksgiving and betrayed his brother in a way that ultimately got Aron killed. This was the second story line that followed that of Cain and Abel. As a sub-message in the book I saw that it was the dishonorably acquired money that indirectly brought about the downfall of all of characters, hinting at the evils of destruction for which money is responsible. The specific examples that came to mind were Cyrus, who stole from the GAR; Charles, who began his fortune of the stolen money that his father left him; Cathy, who had amassed her fortune whoring; and Aron who was left the money Cathy made. Caleb came near destruction, but he found that burning the money his father had refused helped relieve him from his self-pity and a likely demise. The only character who seemed untouched by the evils that came with the dollar was Adam. Adam squandered a lot of the money his father left him on an idea of his. This bad investment left him not rich any more. His money never had the chance to destroy him because he never found it valuable enough to cherish. In turning his son down on the money that was offered to him, Adam in a sense freed himself from the evils that came along with it. Likewise, Samuel and Lisa Hamilton lived very long and happy lives not having a dime to their name. IV. There are many ideas and images that I see repeated throughout the book. As a list see the presence of the evil that money represents; the story of Cain and Abel reinventing itself through each of the generations of the Trask family; the cruelties perpetrated by characters whose names begin with C (Charles, Cathy, and Caleb) to the characters whose names begin with A (Adam, Aron, and Abra); the honest confusion and moralistic uncertainty of all of the characters whose names begin with the letter A; war that always negatively affects the lives of everyone; the good ideas that always came to Sam Hamilton and Adam Trask (but mostly Sam) that never turned out to be lucrative endeavors; the similar scars that Charles and Cathy shared that seemed to mark them as the devious people they were and condemn them to fall to their sins and evil doings. V. â€Å"Timshel,† or â€Å"thou mayest† in hebrew changed the outcome of, and possibly ended, the repeating Cain and Abel retellings. In the versions of the Bible that everyone in East of Eden had ever known, the story of Cain and Abel included a decree by God ordering Cain to overcome sin, while in another version, God promised that Cain would overcome sin. Both of these versions seemed to condemn sinners to their misdeeds without hope of redemption. However, Lee discovered that in the original hebrew text, the significant word in the conflicting sentence was actually â€Å"timshel,† or â€Å"thou mayest.† This, of course, would allow each individual to be in charge of his own moral destiny. It was Cal who mainly feared that the sins of his mother would come back to condemn him because he reasoned that the same blood flowed through his veins, but â€Å"timshel† would relieve this. The significant character blessed with this enlightenment was Cal. After Cal learned that Aron was dead, and knowing that it was his fault, he goes to his father where Lee speaks for him. Lee asks Adam to forgive his son and to free him from his sins. Adam’s response, â€Å"timshel,† symbolically freed Caleb as he was now free and in charge of his own destiny without having his past sins, or the sins of his parents holding him back. VI. Beginning with my dislikes, I disliked the chapters that seemed to slant away from the rest of the story; the chapters of Olive Hamilton especially. These chapters seemed to have no effect on the Hamiltons or the Trasks. I found them pointless, but I also may have missed an underlying reason for their place in the book. Regardless, I liked the book very much. I thought it was well-written and very well thought out. The action parts were the best, but it moved at an understandably slow pace to reveal every significant thing that happened, but moved fast enough to keep me, the reader, entertained. It shocks me how much research Steinbeck must have had to do simply to develop the concept for East of Eden, but I think his time was well spent. And it was obviously worth it, for now, almost 50 years later, it is still widely read. I thoroughly enjoyed the story.

Menschenschreck Essays - The Holocaust, Discrimination, Orientalism

Menschenschreck Essays - The Holocaust, Discrimination, Orientalism Menschenschreck "If the international financiers in and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once more into a world war, then the result will not be the Bolshevizing of the earth, and thus the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe." - Adolf Hitler- Jan 30, 1939 When the Nazi party came to power in January of 1933, it almost immediately began to take hostile measures toward the Jewish people. The government passed special legislation that excluded Jews from the protection of German law. The property of Jews was then legally seized, and concentration camps were set up in which Jews were executed, tortured, or condemned to slave labor. The Nazis organized sporadic and local massacres which occurred in a nationwide program in 1938. After the outbreak of World War II anti-Semitic activity increased dramatically. By the end of the war, millions of Jews and others targeted by the Nazis, had been killed in the Holocaust. The Jewish dead numbered more than 5 million: about 3 million in killing centers and other camps, 1.4 million in shooting operations, and more than 600,000 in Polish ghettos. Who were the men that carried out these terrible murders? One would think them to be savage killers specially selected for their history of brutality and violence. But, in fact, these men were typically normal middle-aged business men. How could these ordinary men be influenced in such a way to allow them to commit such atrocities? The governmental policies, pressures of comrades and individual behaviors helped to transform these men into the mass murderers of European Jews that they soon became. The government and the military were very important to the transformation of these men. The men of the battalions were often told how the German race was the greatest on earth. Their commanding officers continually reminded them that as Germans they had to be strong and ruthless. They were told to project an image of superiority and not to show any mercy on the inferior Jewish race. Anti-Semitism was practiced throughout the government and military. One policy the government continually reinforced was that that the Jews were not even humans. The Jews were often referred to as wild animals and given no respect. Some commanders of the Order Police encouraged shooting blindly into the ghettos to try to shoot down Jews for sport. Company recreation rooms were commonly decorated with racist slogans and victory celebrations were often held when large numbers of Jews were killed. The military units held weekly class in which they taught ideological propaganda that would use literature such as pamphlets entitled SS Man and The Question of Blood and The Politics of Race." These classes furthered the idea that the Jews were nothing but a troublesome inferior race. They were taught how to kill their victims so that they would die quickly and suffer little. The government also issued such laws as the Barbarossa decree which gave the order police a varitable shooting license against the Russians. The Order police were told that they were in a war against the Jews and the Bolsheviks and they should proceed ruthlessly against the Jews. The Order police should be proud to be participating in the defeat of the world enemy, Bolshevism. The soldiers were continually reminded of how the women and children in Germany were being bombed and how the Jews instigated the American boycott which was destroying Germanys economy. If the soldiers were searching career advancement in the Police force. If this was the case, orders are orders, and the soldier would comply with the orders of their superiors. Through these ideas presented by the institutions of government and military the Order Police became a strong killing machine. The comrades of an individual soldier had a profound influence on the transformation from normal citizen to murderer. Although this influence may have been unintentional it was still a major factor. Peer pressures a bitch. The pressure to conform to the job at hand was great in these small tightly knit battalions. By not shooting, an individual would not be doing his part in an already unpleasant task. Stepping out would make the rest of the battalion believe that the soldier thought himself to be too good for such tasks. The mission had to be accomplished with or without him. Policemen who did not shoot were often isolated, rejected and ostracized by their comrades. The policemen had nowhere else to turn for mental support and societal contact besides his comrades. He would not want to jeopardize this over

Pants †A Symbol of Gender

Pants – A Symbol of Gender Free Online Research Papers We have all heard people say, â€Å"The man wears the pants in the family†. Pants are a good symbol of both gender and social class in the conservative community. This well known phrase comes from a time when men were superior to women, a time where men could do things that women could not and visa versa. Men wore pants and women wore skirts. Also, it was easy to establish social class by the type of pants that a person was wearing. Whether a person was wearing suit pants, blue jeans, work pants, scrubs or no pants at all, said a lot about that person and what their role was in society. However, that is no longer the case. Times have changed. For a woman who has grown up in this new era, it is hard to believe that there was a time when women spent their day in the kitchen and men spent their day at work. It is hard for the people in my generation to understand how the social class that you grew up in could have any effect on how your life would turn out. How can this be? I can not imagine a world that could predict your future from your anatomy or parents’ social class. Back then, if you were a girl you were a house maid, mother and cook. If you were a boy born of a doctor, you became a doctor. Also, if you were a boy born of a mechanic, you became a mechanic. This is a crazy, completely unfair way of life. How can people be so close-minded? Do you wear pants or a skirt? Nowadays, it doesn’t matter. The â€Å"roles† of men and women have almost become extinct in what has been a relatively short period of time. For instance, my great grandparents are eighty years old. For three generations, my grandmother has washed clothes, made dinner, cleaned up messes and kept the kids in line. My grandfather has done the oil changing, toy fixing and butt beating. Everyday, ever since I was a young child, and probably decades before that, my grandmother spent her morning in the kitchen while my grandfather and dad spent their time in the garage. Both would do there duties as a man or as a woman. The only time that our day would intersect was at meal time. When it was time to eat lunch, my grandmother cooked the meal, the men came and ate the meal, and then they went to take a nap while we were left to clean up the mess. Then, once their nap was over, they would go back out to the garage and my grandmother and I would clean up the mess from their nap. Then at dinner time, my grandmother would cook dinner, and the men would come eat and then go out to meet their other man friends while we cleaned up the mess again. My grandmother was content in her role as the house maid-mother-cook. I thought that the whole process was mind boggling. Why couldn’t they pick up their own mess? Why couldn’t grandma ever take a nap or go out for the evening? This life that my grandparents lived was completely gender bias. My grandfather never did anything to help my grandmother around the house. My grandmother never assisted in the birth of a new motor. Why? They did not do these things because it was not their job. However, my life at home with my dad was very different. My dad still went to work everyday and still built engines and raced racecars, which were guy jobs. However, he also came home and did laundry, cleaned the house and made dinner. While most of my pap’s friends were business owners, plumbers and doctors, a lot of my dad’s friends are nurses, bank tellers and flight attendants. All of my grandma’s friends were seamstresses and stay at home moms, but most of my friends are going to school to be teachers and CEOs. It is amazing that in two generations, a mere forty years later, we have almost completely thrown the gender role philosophy out the window. What kind of pants do you wear? As Paul Fussell says the subject of social class â€Å"has remained murky† (478). During the Industrial Revolution, the beginning of the system, social classes were much different. In the beginning, people were assigned social class by their job and income. The upper class consisted of doctors, business owners and teachers. The middle class included plumbers, mechanics and mill workers. Finally, the lower class consisted of farmers and trash collectors. Today, the incomes of these same professions do not match up to the classes that a person was put in for having them. In today’s society, there are many circumstances that prove trash collectors to have a better income then some school teachers. Farmers and plumbers are today’s business owners and there are very few mill workers at all. Also, in the early 1800s, once you were born into a social class it was almost impossible to escape it. Today, it doesn’t matter wh ere or into what life you were born, you can always better, or worsen, your situation. The most important fact about social class in today’s world is that it barely exists. Class doesn’t matter nearly as much as it used to. There is only a small amount of people left that pay attention to social class in everyday situations. I don’t think that the class structures today are that complicated because for the most part people are no longer judged by their or their parents’ careers. From Bill Gates to my mom the laundry aide, we all have the same opportunities and responsibilities. Thankfully, the people of this country have realized the injustice of these terrible labels. Who knew that an article of clothing could mean so much? Pants, skirts, Dickies, khakis, sweats, at one point in time people were judged by such immaterial things. Well guess what people, times have changed. This is a time of transformation and equality. People are no longer judged by their anatomy or other irrelevant things. No one, in this new time period, is limited to what their â€Å"roles† are in society. We can do whatever we are willing to work for. Men, women, blacks, whites, rich or poor, this is America. Finally, we are in the process of making this country truly free. Though we still have a long road ahead of us, I am proud to be part of the change. Research Papers on "Pants" - A Symbol of GenderHip-Hop is ArtNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Fifth Horseman19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductCapital PunishmentInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesEffects of Television Violence on Children